International Journal of Academic Reserach in Economics and Management Sciences

Factors Affecting Consumers’ Intention to Adopt Electric Vehicles – A Conceptual Framework

Tan Owee Kowang — 2026-01-03

This study examines the key factors influencing Malaysian consumers’ intention to adopt electric vehicles (EVs) within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). While EVs are recognized as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, adoption rates in Malaysia remain low despite government incentives and infrastructure initiatives. A review of empirical literature identified five primary determinants: public awareness of climate change, knowledge about EVs, financial factors, public charging infrastructure, and EV safety concerns. Each factor is discussed in terms of its psychological and situational influence on consumer attitudes, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioural control. The proposed conceptual framework suggests that enhancing environmental awareness, improving public knowledge, offering financial incentives, expanding charging infrastructure, and addressing safety perceptions can significantly strengthen consumer intention to adopt EVs. This framework offers guidance for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers in formulating targeted strategies to accelerate EV adoption in Malaysia and similar emerging markets.

The Impact of Religiosity as a Moderating Factor in the Decision-Making of Islamic Bank Customers

Hendra Eka Saputra — 2026-02-03

This study investigates the influence of Cultural, Social, Psychological, and Personality factors on the decision to become a Sharia Bank customer in Riau Province, employing Religiosity as a moderating variable. Using a quantitative approach with SmartPLS analysis, the research reveals that Social, Psychological, and Personality factors significantly drive customer decisions. Conversely, Cultural factors alone show no significant direct effect, suggesting that local tradition does not automatically translate into banking behavior. However, the study demonstrates that Religiosity acts as a significant moderator, notably strengthening the impact of culture when paired with strong religious conviction. The findings imply that in Riau, banking decisions are driven more by internal religious motivation and social influence than by cultural habits alone. Consequently, Sharia banks should prioritize marketing strategies that emphasize religious compliance and leverage social leaders (Ulama) rather than relying solely on cultural branding.

The Evolving Role of Revenue Management in the Post-Pandemic Hotel Industry: A Case Study of Japanese Resort Hotels

Tomofumi Uetake — 2026-03-09

Purpose: This article examines the pandemic's impact on RM practices in Japanese resort hotels, a key tourism sector. Design/methodology/approach: Through semi-structured interviews with revenue managers and general managers, this study investigates key changes in the business environment, the evolution of RM strategies, and the shifting responsibilities of revenue managers. Findings: The pandemic accelerated several key trends. Reduced reservation lead time necessitated a shift in the perspective of revenue management from historical forecasting to real-time data analysis. Hotels increasingly prioritized direct bookings to enhance profitability and reduce reliance on OTAs. RM strategies are now closely aligned with operational realities, such as staffing shortages, to ensure service quality. The role of the revenue manager has expanded significantly, requiring a broader skill set that includes data analytics, cost management, cross-functional collaboration, and strategic decision-making. Research limitations/implications: Our findings underscore the increasing importance of data-driven insights in driving revenue optimisation. These findings suggest that Japanese resort hotels must embrace data-driven decision-making, flexible pricing, and technology to adapt to the dynamic post-pandemic environment. While widespread AI adoption is still developing, this strategic evolution establishes a critical foundation for its future integration, which can further optimize profitability and resource management in the dynamic post-pandemic environment. Practical implications: The insights gained from semi-structured interviews with three companies provide valuable guidance for many hotels while also highlighting commonalities and gaps with existing literature. Originality/value: By presenting the changes in revenue management during the pandemic and its future outlook, this article has outlined the future direction of revenue management.

Mapping Higher Education Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review with Bibliometric and Network Analyses

Lei Lan — 2026-03-07

Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively examine the integration of sustainable supply chain management in higher education institutions through bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. It deeply explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of Higher Education Sustainable Supply Chain Management (HESSCM) across different cultural contexts, so as to fill the gap in cultural adaptability research in this field and provide theoretical support and practical guidance for universities to more effectively implement sustainable supply chain management globally. Design/methodology/approach: This study examines 59 peer-reviewed articles through bibliometric analysis to explore research focus, collaboration patterns, and geographical distribution, alongside a systematic literature review. This systematic review examines the theories and practical applications of HESSCM, comparing Eastern examples from China, Indonesia, Oman, and Vietnam with Western cases from Spain, Italy, Germany, and Latin America, while considering environmental concerns, a human-centered approach, technology integration, and institutional challenges in educational innovation. Findings: A novel theoretical 3 layers framework that consist drivers (Regulatory, Stakeholder and Technology), practices (sustainable procurement, resource usage and educational innovation) and performances (environment, society, economy and education quality outcomes). Different patterns appear between Eastern & western organizations. The eastern one pays attention to its technology integration such as China’s Metaverse Integration Evaluation system as well as operational effectiveness including the carbon footprint evaluation of university cafeteria operations; the west is interested in stakeholder interests with university – community cooperation efforts and thorough environmental review incorporating UN Sustainable Development Goals into supply chain logistics instruction. Bibliometric analyses showed huge gaps among the research areas of focus and the cooperation actions undertaken by academics from Asia and those from Western countries; meanwhile scholars from Africa and the Middle East did very few research. Research limitations/implications: The study exhibits geographical bias, with East Asia overrepresented and Africa, the Middle East, and other developing countries underrepresented. Some methods have limitations, such as the constraints of bibliometric analysis, potential bias favoring published positive results over unpublished ones, language barriers, and databases that exclude non-English literature. These limitations indicate directions for future research. Expand geographical coverage; employ both quantitative and qualitative research methods, including quantitative and case-study approaches; conduct a longitudinal study on HESSCM evolution; develop standardized context-sensitive evaluations; carry out surveys or interviews to address implementation challenges. Practical implications: The study provides evidence-based recommendations for educational leaders and policymakers. Institutions must implement HESSCMs through a staged and context-specific approach, considering local laws, institutional capabilities, and stakeholder conditions. Investment in technological infrastructure such as AI and IoT is essential. It is necessary to measure sustainability, for instance, through a carbon footprint evaluation system. Additionally, effective communication is crucial, and channels must be established for stakeholder participation to ensure the integration of traditional projects with green initiatives. Policy makers must create flexible regulations that connect global sustainability standards with the needs of diverse communities and establish pathways for learning and information exchange from the successful practices of other organizations. Originality/value: This article contributes to the literature in three distinct ways. Initially, This study create a comprehensive HESSCM framework that considers cultural and institutional contexts, integrates material resources with non-material education, and distinguishes the educational supply chain from the commercial supply chain. The second point concerns the identification of key success factors for implementation across different regions, such as Eastern institutions that emphasize technological effects and standardization, in contrast to Western institutions that prioritize involvement approaches and stakeholder cooperation. Thirdly, this study provides evidence-based recommendations for educators and policymakers to address geographic bias.

Virtual Shariah Audit: Challenges and Solutions in the Islamic Finance Industry

Mohd Zubir Awang — 2026-01-17

The evolution of virtual audits in Islamic finance presents a complex landscape of Shariah compliance challenges requiring industry-matured analysis. A primary concern involves verifying the Shariah conformity and physical existence of commodities as subject matter, adhering to stringent Islamic commercial law. The Shariah governance framework mandates a comprehensive assessment of asset integrity, financial viability, technological readiness, digital auditing, auditor credibility, and inclusivity. These multifaceted criteria introduce hurdles in achieving end-to-end Shariah compliance within a rapid financial ecosystem. This study critically analyzes challenges associated with Shariah virtual auditing, specifically the validity of sale contracts regarding the existence of the subject matter. It highlights operational challenges for auditors inspecting commodities at sites like factories or plants. Auditors face a dilemma: conduct physical site visits, which may expose them to hazards or rely on Shariah pronouncements issued by the commodity provider’s Shariah authority. This raises questions regarding the flexibility of Shariah applications in industry practice. Employing a qualitative research methodology including content analysis and thematic analysis, the study evaluates the regulatory frameworks governing virtual audits. The findings suggest that existing virtual audit frameworks within the Islamic finance industry may have significant implications if they do not fully align with Shariah principles. This study contributes possible Shariah solutions through technologies such as robots, virtual reality, and drones for on-site inspections. Addressing these challenges through tailored Shariah-compliant solutions is crucial to ensuring the integrity, transparency, and sustainability of virtual audits in Islamic finance.

Federal Government and Member States Institutions Coordination in the Somalia Petroleum Sector Management

Mohamed Mohamoud Farid — 2026-02-19

Somalia’s petroleum sector has regained strategic importance due to renewed exploration activities and growing international interest. Despite significant oil and gas potential, effective development of the sector remains constrained by prolonged conflict, fragile institutions, and unresolved federal governance arrangements. This study examines institutional challenges affecting cooperation between the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) and Federal Member States (FMS) in managing petroleum resources. The study examines the institutional and legal challenges affecting cooperation between the FGS and FMS petroleum ministries, with a focus on the upstream oil and gas sector across the project lifecycle. Drawing on constitutional analysis, sector legislation, and comparative federal experiences from Nigeria and Iraq, the research assesses the suitability of Somalia’s federal system for managing high-value extractive resources in a post-conflict context. The findings indicate that while Somalia’s legal framework recognises shared ownership of natural resources and promotes cooperative federalism, weak implementation mechanisms, political mistrust, and limited institutional capacity undermine effective coordination. The study concludes that clarifying constitutional mandates, operationalising fiscal federalism, and reinforcing joint FGS AND FMS institutions are essential to ensuring transparent, equitable, and sustainable petroleum sector development.

Rebuilding Microenterprises’ Brand Identity through Technology Adaptation: A Case Study of Penang

Parimala Devi Dhivandram — 2026-03-08

Purpose: Microenterprises play a pivotal role in driving economic growth, innovation, and employment across both developed and developing economies. However, their ability to adopt and integrate emerging technologies remains a critical challenge and opportunity. This study explores and analyze the perceptions of microenterprise owners regarding the adaptation and integration of technology into their business operations. It aims to identify key themes that influence their attitudes toward technology, including perceived benefits, usage compatibility, and future needs, with the goal of informing policy and support strategies for digital transformation in the microenterprise sector. Design/methodology/approach: This research adopts K-J Methods when conducting the focus group study to gather data from microenterprise respondents though interviews and surveys. The study emphasizes self-reported perceptions and experiences, allowing for a nuanced understanding of how technology is viewed and utilized in small-scale business environments. The data collected from 20 respondents, both in mainland and Penang island were interviewed to explore the adaptations and understanding level in the technology applications and acceptance in their business at current. Findings: Responses were categorized into three major themes: Benefits of Technology Adaptation, Usage of Technology, and Future Technology Needs. The findings reveal overwhelmingly positive perceptions of technology among microenterprise respondents. They associate technology with improved business quality, customer handling, operational ease, and strategic control. Respondents also find technology compatible with their current practices and view it as a tool for innovation, diversification, and rapid communication. Research limitations/implications: The geographic scope may restrict generalizability, and the absence of negative perceptions may overlook critical barriers such as cost, infrastructure, or digital literacy. Future research should address these limitations by incorporating broader samples, objective performance metrics, and deeper exploration of challenges. Practical implications: The insights from this study can guide policymakers, NGOs, and technology developers in designing targeted interventions for microenterprises. Support programs should focus on providing accessible, user-friendly tools that align with local business practices. Training initiatives should emphasize practical skills and peer learning, while digital platforms should be designed with flexibility and ease of use in mind. Enhancing observability and showcasing success stories can further encourage adoption. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of how microenterprises can navigate the digital landscape and sustain growth in an increasingly tech-driven economy. Originality/value: This study contributes original insights into the lived experiences and perceptions of microenterprise owners regarding technology adaptation. It highlights the nuanced ways in which small business operators engage with digital tools not just as functional assets, but as enablers of growth, community, and innovation. By focusing on microenterprises, which are often underrepresented in technology adoption research, the study adds valuable depth to the discourse on inclusive digital transformation

The Comparative Drivers of New Energy Vehicle Industry Development: A Multi-Theoretical Analysis of RCEP and OECD Countries under Green Transition Goals

Jia Qinjian — 2026-03-16

Purpose: This study investigates the divergent development trajectories of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry across regions, focusing on disparities in institutional environments, innovation capacity, and market readiness. Design/methodology/approach: Integrating Porter’s Diamond Model, Institutional Theory, and the National Innovation System (NIS) perspective, the study analyzes an unbalanced panel dataset of 18 RCEP and OECD countries (2013–2022) using fixed-effects and multiple-group comparative regression models. Findings: R&D intensity significantly enhances NEV performance, with a more pronounced effect in OECD countries. Conversely, policy support yields higher marginal returns in RCEP economies. Market size effects remain heterogeneous: OECD countries capitalize on consumer environmental consciousness, while RCEP nations leverage scale advantages. Research limitations/implications: The study is constrained by data gaps in emerging economies, a reliance on macro-level statistics, and simplified policy indices. Future research should utilize micro-firm data and quasi-experimental designs to refine causal mechanisms. Practical implications: RCEP economies should transition from subsidy-led growth to long-term innovation capabilities. OECD nations should focus on integrating consumer incentives with infrastructure optimization. Multinational firms must adopt differentiated localization and market-sequencing strategies based on regional maturity. Originality/value: This research contributes an integrated theoretical framework to explain cross-regional NEV heterogeneity. By employing comparative regression analysis, it empirically demonstrates coefficient asymmetry between RCEP and OECD contexts, offering region-specific pathways for the global green transition.

Inventory Management Practices and Business Performance of Convenience Stores

Tan Owee Kowang — 2026-01-01

Sales for convenience stores in Malaysia decreased by 13.8% in the second quarter of 2024, indicating a need to improve the business performance of these stores. Prior research has suggested that inventory management practices play a critical role in enhancing performance. Therefore, this study aims to identify key inventory management practices for convenience stores (RO1), and assess the relationship between inventory management practices and business performance (RO2). Based on a review of relevant literature, this study focuses on four key practices: Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) practices, inventory stock taking practices, strategic supplier management practices and Lean practices. This quantitative research targets convenience stores located in Shah Alam, with a population size of 45. Using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table, 40 samples were selected through a combination of stratified and random sampling. A structured questionnaire was distributed, and 40 responses were collected. Descriptive analysis identified strategic supplier management practices as the most important inventory management practice as perceived by the convenience stores. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that all four inventory management practices were significantly correlated with the business performance of convenience stores in Shah Alam, with Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) practices yielded the highest correlation coefficient with business performance. This study offers practical implications for convenience store operators. The findings may serve as a valuable reference to enhance business performance and identify areas requiring improvement.

Sustainable Loyalty Boost: Influence of Sustainability on Ecotourist Loyalty: The Role of Tourist Experience as a Mediator

Zahir Osman — 2026-01-30

This study underscores the critical importance of sustainability in fostering tourist loyalty within the ecotourism sector, emphasising that sustainable practices across economic, environmental, and social dimensions significantly influence tourists’ experiences and satisfaction, which in turn promote loyalty. The primary aim was to empirically examine the direct and mediated relationships among these variables, providing insights into how sustainable practices impact long-term visitor retention. Data were collected through structured surveys, with a total of 289 valid responses used for analysis. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses, assessing the strength and significance of the relationships among constructs. The results revealed that economic sustainability directly affects tourist experience but does not directly influence loyalty, indicating the mediating role of experience and satisfaction. In contrast, environmental and social sustainability directly and indirectly impact loyalty through enhanced experience and satisfaction. All hypotheses related to the mediating effects were supported, emphasising the importance of integrating sustainability practices to foster loyalty. The study suggests future research should explore moderating variables such as cultural differences, leverage longitudinal designs to examine changes over time, and incorporate digital technology’s role in enhancing sustainable experiences. The findings have practical implications for ecotourism stakeholders, highlighting the need to develop comprehensive sustainability strategies that elevate visitor experiences, foster satisfaction, and promote loyalty. By effectively implementing sustainability initiatives, ecotourism destinations can secure competitive advantages, ensure visitor retention, and contribute meaningfully to conservation and community development. Ultimately, the study adds to the growing body of knowledge urging the ecotourism sector to prioritise sustainability as a core driver of long-term tourist loyalty.

Reimagining Strategic Foresight through the Lens of Digital Technology Adoption

Hasliza Abdul Halim — 2026-03-11

Purpose: This study aims to conceptualize the role of emerging digital technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data Analytics (BDA), Blockchain, and Social Media Applications in developing strategic foresight among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In an increasingly volatile and technology-driven business environment, the study highlights how the adoption of these technologies enhances firms’ ability to anticipate, interpret, and act upon future changes. Methodology: The paper adopts a conceptual and theoretical approach grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT). It synthesizes current literature, integrates findings from previous empirical works, and develops a conceptual framework linking digital technology adoption to strategic foresight dimensions, namely environmental scanning, strategic choice capability, and integration capability. The proposed framework will be validated through a mixed-method design involving qualitative interviews with SME managers and quantitative analysis using Smart PLS and NVivo for triangulation. Findings: The conceptual model proposes that advanced digital technologies collectively enhance SMEs’ strategic foresight. Specifically, AI and BDA provide predictive insights; IoT enhances real-time situational awareness; blockchain ensures data transparency and trust; and social media platforms strengthen environmental scanning and stakeholder intelligence. Together, these technologies enable SMEs to move from reactive to proactive strategies, fostering innovation, adaptability, and resilience. Limitations: As a conceptual study, empirical validation is yet to be conducted. Future research should test the proposed relationships across different sectors and regions. Moreover, contextual factors such as digital maturity, regulatory environment, and organizational culture may moderate the effects of technology adoption on foresight. Practical Implications: The study offers actionable insights for SME policymakers, managers, and technology developers. It suggests that structured foresight workshops, scenario planning, and trend monitoring can be enhanced through digital technologies. Policymakers can use the framework to guide SME digital transformation programs that emphasize long-term strategic agility instead of short-term survival. Originality/Value: This study extends Dynamic Capability Theory by positioning digital technology adoption as a critical enabler of strategic foresight in SMEs. It bridges a theoretical gap by explaining how multiple emerging technologies interact to build future-oriented decision-making capabilities, thus advancing the discourse on digital transformation and foresight integration in resource-constrained firms.

Beyond Tools: The BPM Cultural Bridge to Lean Six Sigma Success in Services

Fong Wei Si — 2026-03-13

This conceptual paper develops an integrative framework that positions Business Process Management (BPM) culture as the critical mediating mechanism linking Lean Six Sigma (LSS) initiatives to sustained process performance in the service industry. Grounded in a synthesis of Lean Theory and Organizational Culture Theory, it challenges the prevailing tool-centric approach by underscoring that technical excellence in LSS requires strong cultural alignment for lasting success. The study argues that a mature BPM culture—characterized by customer orientation, excellence, responsibility, and teamwork—is essential for embedding LSS principles and ensuring that process improvements endure beyond project implementation.
Purpose: This paper aims to conceptualize how BPM culture mediates the relationship between LSS initiatives and process performance in services. It addresses the persistent gap in the literature that focuses narrowly on direct tool–performance relationships by emphasizing the socio-technical nature of sustainable improvement. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a conceptual, theory-building approach. Drawing on a systematic synthesis of Lean and Organizational Culture theories, it conceptualizes BPM culture as a higher-order, multidimensional construct and proposes a framework delineating its mediating role between three core LSS practices—Muda elimination, Continuous Improvement, and Six Sigma—and the dual dimensions of process performance: process efficiency and process effectiveness. Research limitations/implications: As a conceptual study, the framework requires empirical validation. Future research should test the proposed relationships using quantitative methods such as structural equation modelling, particularly Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM), across diverse service sectors. Longitudinal studies would be valuable to examine the evolution of these relationships over time. Practical implications: The framework provides service managers with a structured rationale to transition from purely technical deployments of LSS to a socio-technical implementation strategy. It offers actionable guidance for assessing cultural readiness, fostering leadership commitment, aligning incentives, and embedding process-oriented values that maximize the long-term return on LSS investments. Originality/value: This study makes a novel theoretical contribution by integrating Lean Theory and Organizational Culture Theory through the mediating construct of BPM culture. It reframes LSS success in services as a socio-technical achievement—dependent not only on rigorous methodologies but also on the cultural context that sustains them—thereby addressing a significant gap in prior literature and providing a foundation for future empirical research.

How Does Big Data Mining Affect Financial Reporting Quality in Saudi Banks? A Mediated and Moderated Model

Ehab Othman Alzahim — 2026-03-27

High quality of financial reports is crucial to fostering transparency, boosting market reliability, and facilitating efficient decision-making in the banking industry, especially in growing markets like Saudi Arabia. Although reforms in regulation and the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), financial reporting quality (FRQ) still an ongoing challenge due to data complexity, risk management techniques, and regulatory capability. The present research investigates the mediating role of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and the moderating role of IT readiness in the relationship between big data mining (BDM) and financial reporting quality in the Saudi banking sector. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings demonstrate that mining of big data has a significant effect on FRQ and significantly improves ERM practices. Furthermore, Enterprise Risk Management has been shown to strongly moderate the association between BDM and financial reporting quality, emphasizing its importance in turning data-driven insights into better reporting outcomes. Yet, IT readiness has insignificant impact in BDM–FRQ nexus, implying that technology alone is not a sufficient condition for improving financial reporting quality. This article suggests that banks should integrate big data analytics into complete enterprise risk management frameworks rather than relying exclusively on technological investments. By emphasizing the necessity of integrating big data analytics within enterprise risk management to boost financial reporting quality and further the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, these outcomes have significant implications for bank managers and policymakers.

CNN Feature Characterization via the Mahalanobis Taguchi System for Recognizing Optimal Date-Fruit Harvest: A Systematic Literature Review

Sikandar Ali Mandan — 2026-01-13

This study investigates a hybrid approach for determining optimal date-fruit harvest timing by integrating deep visual features from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS). High- resolution images of date fruits spanning canonical maturity stages (Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, Tamr) are processed through a pretrained CNN to extract discriminative embeddings emphasizing color, texture, and size cues. Candidate features are organized and screened using MTS orthogonal arrays and signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis to identify a parsimonious subset that maximizes class separability while minimizing redundancy. The Mahalanobis Distance (MD) then calibrated on a “healthy/optimal” reference space to yield decision thresholds for harvest readiness. The pipeline includes stratified cross-validation, ablation of feature groups, and comparisons against conventional machine-learning baselines using the same inputs. Results indicate that MTS-guided feature selection consistently improves generalization and interpretability, producing stable MD thresholds that align with horticultural expectations and reducing computational overhead relative to full-feature CNN embeddings. Beyond classification, the framework yields actionable diagnostic feature contribution ranks and MD control charts, that support field decisions and quality control. The proposed CNN-MTS methodology provides a transparent, statistically grounded route to operationalize computer vision for harvest scheduling and offers a reusable template for similar post-harvest applications where explainability and small-sample robustness are essential.

The Role of Green HRM Practices in Promoting Sustainability among Star-Rated Hotels in China

Tian Hulei — 2026-02-10

This paper investigates the integration and effectiveness of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in promoting sustainable performance within star-rated hotels in Shandong Province, China. Drawing from key GHRM dimensions; green job analysis, recruitment, selection, training, performance assessment, and rewards, this study critically evaluates their impact on hotels’ economic, environmental, and social performance. In addition to examining direct effects, the study incorporates Green Work Climate as a mediator that channels HR practices into employees’ eco-initiatives, and Top Management Commitment as a moderator that strengthens the linkage between organizational climate and sustainable outcomes. Employing a comprehensive literature review and grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV), the conceptual framework positions employees’ environmental competencies as strategic assets essential for achieving competitive advantage and long-term sustainability.

AI-Enabled Eco–Animation and Sustainable Cultural Communication: Reframing Maritime Silk Road Heritage for the Creative Economy

Fang Yuan — 2026-03-13

Purpose: This research explores how ecoanimation can support environmental communication and cultural storytelling along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR). It examines the role of AI in shaping sustainable creative practices, identifies the key dimensions involved in MSR-focused ecoanimation, and explains how these elements work together to strengthen cultural continuity and responsible production. Design/methodology/approach: The research adopts a conceptual approach, drawing on recent work in animation studies, sustainability, digital heritage, and AI-assisted design. Insights from the literature and two MSR-related cases (2020–2025) are synthesised into the AISAC framework, which outlines five interconnected dimensions: AI mediation, ecoanimation practice, sustainable value chain, audience co-agency, and cultural continuity. Findings: The research highlights how the five AISAC dimensions shape ecoanimation projects and shows their relevance for authenticity, environmental responsibility, and participatory cultural interpretation. It also demonstrates how AI tools can support sustainable production processes and deepen audience engagement in heritage communication. Research limitations/implications: As a concept-driven study centred on MSR contexts, it does not include empirical testing. Further work using production data, creator interviews, and comparative regional cases could help validate and extend the AISAC model. Practical implications: The research provides useful guidance for animators, cultural organisations, and policymakers aiming to embed sustainability in digital creative work. The AISAC framework offers a reference for developing responsible workflows, protecting cultural integrity, and encouraging low-impact production. It may also serve as a teaching resource for training emerging creators in sustainable and culturally aware design. Originality/value: This research brings together ecoanimation, AI-enabled creative practice, and MSR cultural communication within a single framework. It offers a structured foundation for future empirical studies and supports ongoing discussions on sustainable innovation in the creative industries.

The Mechanism of Big Data Analytics Technology Driving Sustainable Firm Performance in China’s Manufacturing Industry: The Mediating Role of Green Innovation Strategy

Yajing Lu — 2026-03-14

In the era of digital transformation, the integration of Big Data Analytics Technology (BDAT) has become a key driving force for manufacturing enterprises to achieve sustainable development. Based on Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), this paper builds a conceptual framework to explore how BDAT can through green innovation The intermediary role of the Green Innovation Strategy (GIS) improves the Sustainable Firm Performance (SFP) of enterprises. By reviewing the existing literature and synthesizing Ertz et al. (2025) and Chatterjee et al. (2025) and other latest research results. This article points out that BDAT provides enterprises with the analytical ability to generate environmental and operational insights, so as to promote green innovation activities and improve economic, environmental and social performance. Unlike previous researches that rely on second-hand data or qualitative analysis, this study puts forward an empirical model based on questionnaires, which emphasizes the "Triple Bottom Line" concept of sustainable development for Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Finally, this article summarizes the theoretical revelation, management significance and future empirical research direction. Purpose: This study aims to explore how big data analysis technology (BDAT) drives the sustainable performance (SFP) of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, focusing on the intermediary role of green innovation strategies (GIS). Based on the resource-based concept (RBV) and the dynamic capability theory (DCT), the research strives to clarify how digital resources can be transformed into sustainable results in the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Design/methodology/approach: This paper builds a conceptual framework that integrates RBV and DCT to explain the indirect impact of BDAT on SFP through GIS. The model assumes that BDAT can improve the ability of enterprises to perceive, seize and reconfigure, thus promoting green innovation and improving multi-dimensional sustainable performance. Future research will carry out empirical testing based on questionnaires, with manufacturing enterprises as the research situation. Findings: The theoretical analysis shows that BDAT is not only an information technology, but also a strategic capability. It promotes the formation and implementation of green innovation strategies and transforms data-driven insights into sustainable results. As a key intermediary mechanism, GIS connects BDAT with economic, social and environmental performance, highlighting the strategic significance of the integration of digital transformation and sustainable development. Research limitations/implications: This research is a conceptual research and has not been empirically verified. In the future, the model can be tested based on first-hand data through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research scope can also be expanded to other industries, and adjustment variables such as enterprise size, supply chain coordination or environmental dynamics can be introduced to further improve the theoretical framework. Practical implications: For managers, the research results emphasize the importance of building a data-driven culture and integrating green innovation into the core strategy of the enterprise. Manufacturing enterprises should use BDAT to identify green opportunities, optimize production processes, and establish a multi-dimensional performance evaluation system. Policymakers should provide institutional support, such as digital transformation subsidies and green innovation incentives, to promote the sustainable upgrading of the industry. Originality/value: The main contributions of this study include three aspects: first, integrate RBV and DCT to build a unified framework to explain how digital capabilities can be transformed into sustainable advantages; second, identify green innovation strategies as the key missing link between BDAT and sustainable performance; third, introduce the "triple bottom The perspective of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) provides a systematic understanding of digital transformation to promote the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry with operational SFP.

Student Engagement, Learning Environment, Motivation and Technology Integration towards Teacher Teaching Skills in Suburban Secondary School at Melaka, Malaysia: Proposed Framework

Hasan Saleh — 2026-01-29

This study proposes a conceptual framework examining the relationships between student engagement, student motivation, student learning effectiveness, and technology access towards teaching skills in suburban secondary schools. Based on a review of relevant literature, the framework suggests student-related factors and technology access play a significant role in shaping teachers’ teaching skills. This proposed framework aims to provide a theoretical foundation for future empirical studies and to support the improvement of teaching practices in suburban secondary schools. The proposed framework suggests higher levels of student engagement, motivation, and learning effectiveness, supported by adequate technology access, contribute positively to the development and enhancement of teaching skills among secondary school teachers. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a theoretical foundation for future empirical research and to guide educators and policymakers in improving teaching practices through targeted interventions and effective technology integration.

Linking Satisfaction, Commitment, and Compliance in Franchise Relationships: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

Hazril Izwar Ibrahim — 2026-03-13

Franchising is a key driver of economic activity. This study explores compliance issues between franchisees and franchisors from the franchisee's point of view. It aims to provide a framework to understand how economic and non-economic satisfaction, along with commitment, influence compliance in a franchise partnership of various sectors in Malaysia. The research highlights the importance of both economic and non-economic satisfaction for franchisees, as these factors encourage compliance and can lead to a more successful business. Based on an analysis of 193 responses, the findings show that economic satisfaction and commitment are strong predictors of compliance. The study also reveals that the link between commitment and compliance is stronger when there is low environmental uncertainty.

Blockchain Technology Adoption and Supply Chain Performance in China’s Automotive Industry: The Mediating Role of Trust and the Moderating Role of Transparency

Zhang Yuan — 2026-03-11

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how blockchain technology influences supply chain performance in the Chinese automotive industry. Drawing on trust theory and information asymmetry theory, it investigates the mechanisms through which blockchain enhances performance via technological trust, supply chain trust, and institutional trust, and examines the moderating role of supply chain transparency. Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual model is developed based on existing theories. The study employs a quantitative research design and plans to use Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to empirically test the proposed hypotheses using data from the Chinese automotive sector. Findings: Preliminary theoretical analysis suggests that blockchain technology adoption can improve supply chain performance by reducing information asymmetry and enhancing multiple dimensions of trust among supply chain partners. Transparency is expected to strengthen these trust-building effects. (As the study is ongoing) Research limitations/implications: Since the research is still in progress, empirical results are not yet available. Future studies can complement this work with longitudinal data and cross-industry comparisons to validate the model’s broader applicability. Practical implications: The study provides guidance for firms and policymakers seeking to build blockchain-enabled trust mechanisms within complex industrial supply chains. It highlights how improving technological, relational, and institutional trust can enhance operational efficiency and coordination. Originality/value: This paper integrates trust theory and information asymmetry theory to conceptualize blockchain’s governance role in supply chains. It offers a multi-dimensional trust framework and identifies transparency as a key moderating factor, contributing new theoretical insight and practical relevance to blockchain-based supply chain research.

Knowledge Sharing Paradox in Green HRM: Dual Effects on Compensation and Employee Involvement for SDGs

Alshahrani Ahmed Musa — 2026-03-23

Knowledge management literature overwhelmingly portrays knowledge sharing as universally beneficial for organizational outcomes. This study challenges this assumption by uncovering a paradox: extensive green knowledge sharing (GKS) can simultaneously amplify certain human resource management practices while undermining others. Drawing on data from 414 faculty members across four Saudi public universities and employing moderation analysis within a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling framework, we examine how GKS differentially moderates the relationships between two contrasting green HRM practices (employee involvement and compensation) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) achievement. Results reveal striking asymmetry: GKS positively moderates the compensation-SDGs relationship (? = 0.087, p = 0.015), creating synergy between formal rewards and informal learning. However, GKS negatively moderates the involvement-SDGs relationship (? = -0.120, p = 0.023), revealing that extensive knowledge exchange can undermine participatory governance. We theorize five mechanisms explaining this paradox: information overload, substitution effects, diffusion of responsibility, coordination costs, and focus displacement. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory and the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity framework, this research demonstrates that knowledge sharing effectiveness depends fundamentally on the nature of the focal HRM practice. For transactional, criterion-based practices like compensation, knowledge sharing enhances effectiveness by clarifying reward pathways. For relational, participatory practices like employee involvement, excessive knowledge exchange creates cognitive burden and crowds out formal participation. This study contributes to knowledge management theory by identifying boundary conditions of knowledge sharing benefits, advances contingency perspectives in green HRM research, and offers practical guidance for calibrating knowledge systems to complement rather than compete with participatory structures. Our findings carry profound implications for universities and organizations pursuing sustainability: more knowledge sharing is not always better, and strategic restraint may prove more effective than maximalist information exchange.

Strengthening Supply Chain Risk Management in SMEs: A Contemporary Conceptual Framework

Xin Kong — 2026-01-16

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly vulnerable to supply chain risks due to limited resources and operational constraints. Existing supply chain risk management (SCRM) frameworks, largely developed for large enterprises, provide limited guidance for SMEs. This study develops a capability-based conceptual framework that links key SME supply chain risks to three resilience-building capabilities: operational flexibility, demand management, and disruption preparedness. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), and Contingency Theory (CT), the framework explains how SMEs can embed resilience into everyday managerial practices through low-cost and feasible routines. The study offers SMEs specific conceptual insights and a foundation for future empirical research on supply chain resilience.

Theorizing Total Quality Management to Achieve Customer Focus and Continuous Improvement in Indigenous Commercial Banks in Malaysia

Jerome Jayamana — 2026-02-05

The study examines the application of Total Quality Management in indigenous commercial banks in Malaysia, focusing on the dimensions of customer focus and continuous improvement. The study combines theoretical perspectives with the practical aspects of indigenous commercial banks in Malaysia, applying Total Quality Management concepts to improve customer satisfaction. The paper adds to existing literature on the wider definition of Total Quality Management as a concept and then examines the relationship between this concept and the practical applications of the selected dimensions to the operations of the indigenous commercial banks in Malaysia. The study is conducted in the form of a literature review; consequently, the empirical validation of the concept presented is not within the scope of this paper.

Enhancing the Resilience of Libyan SMEs through Digital Transformation: Toward a Sustainable Economy

Basheer Mohammed Basheer Alasfar — 2026-03-12

Purpose: This study examines the role of digital transformation in enhancing the resilience and financial sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Libya. Given the persistent economic instability and policy constraints in the Libyan context, the research aims to identify how digital adoption supports operational continuity, adaptability, and long-term performance. Design/methodology/approach: A descriptive–analytical methodology was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews conducted across several Libyan cities. The analysis explores the relationships between digital transformation, organizational resilience, institutional support, and SME performance. Findings: Results indicate that SMEs with higher levels of digital adoption demonstrate greater operational efficiency, improved service quality, and stronger adaptive capacity. Digital transformation positively influences financial and economic sustainability, while organizational resilience partially mediates the relationship between institutional support and overall performance. Technical, infrastructural, and human-skill barriers were found to moderate the effectiveness of digital initiatives. Research limitations/implications: The study is constrained by limited data accessibility and a cross-sectional design, which preclude long-term causal analysis. Future research should incorporate longitudinal datasets and comparative sectoral studies to enhance generalizability. Practical implications: The findings highlight the importance of investing in digital infrastructure, continuous employee training, and institutional and governmental support, as well as proactive management of digital challenges. Integrating digital tools across business functions and regularly monitoring digital initiatives contribute to building long-term SME resilience and sustainable performance. Originality/value: This study provides one of the few empirical analyses on digital transformation and SME resilience in Libya, offering novel insights into how digital strategies can drive adaptability, operational efficiency, and sustainable economic growth in fragile and transitional environments.

Technological Innovation Capability and Middle-Income Trap in China - The Mediating Role of Human Capital and Moderating Role of Institutional Environment

Jingjie Li — 2026-03-12

Purpose: This paper aims to address the above issues by studying the impact mechanism of technological innovation capability on China's middle-income trap, as well as the mediating role of human capital and moderating role institutional environment, so as to provide a reference for China and other countries to overcome the middle-income trap. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses quantitative empirical analysis methods based on panel data and time series to examine the impact of technological innovation capabilities on China's middle-income trap. This study selects the secondary data of China's macro level from 2000 to 2022 to carry out empirical analysis. Findings: The results of the study show that technological innovation capacity has a positive effect on China's crossing the middle-income trap, while human capital as a mediator and and the institutional environment as a moderator. Research limitations/implications: This study is mainly based on the national-level panel data, which may not be able to fully capture the differences in innovation behavior and institutional environment at the provincial data and micro-enterprise levels, so the selection of variables is limited in dimension. Practical implications: The findings of the study provide suggestions for China to cross the middle-income trap and provide reference for the next policy direction. Originality/value: The originality of this study lies in the systematic construction of the "technological innovation capability - human capital - institutional environment" mechanism to explain China's middle-income trap problem, which not only expands the theoretical framework, but also provides policy implications that are highly consistent with the national strategy.

Project Management in Automotive Manufacturing Enterprises: A Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis

Wang Shuning — 2026-01-28

Project management has become increasingly critical in automotive manufacturing enterprises due to rising product complexity, digital transformation, and global supply chain uncertainty. Although a growing body of research has examined project management practices in the automotive sector, existing studies remain fragmented across multiple disciplines, and a systematic synthesis of the knowledge structure is still lacking. To address this gap, this study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric review of project management research in automotive manufacturing enterprises based on 247 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using performance analysis and science mapping techniques, this study examines publication trends, country collaboration patterns, influential journals and authors, and keyword co-occurrence and clustering structures. The results reveal a sustained growth in research output since the mid-2010s, accompanied by an increasingly international and polycentric collaboration network dominated by Germany, the United States, and China. The cited journal and author analyses indicate that the intellectual foundation of the field is highly interdisciplinary, integrating project management, operations management, production economics, and supply chain research. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering analyses further demonstrate a clear thematic evolution from early emphases on risk management and decision-making models toward more integrated perspectives encompassing supply chain coordination, dynamic capabilities, sustainability, and electric vehicle–related issues. By systematically mapping the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of the literature, this study contributes to a clearer understanding of how project management research in automotive manufacturing enterprises has developed over time. The findings provide valuable insights for both scholars and practitioners and highlight promising directions for future research in the context of an increasingly complex and dynamic automotive industry.

Bridging Technological Competence and Innovation Performance: The Mediating Role of Collaborative Innovation in Chinese Manufacturing SMEs

Xuesongzi Feng — 2026-03-08

Purpose: This study investigates the interplay between technological competence, collaborative innovation, and innovation performance within the context of Chinese manufacturing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Utilizing a theoretical framework that integrates the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities perspective, the research posits that technological competence is a critical antecedent to collaborative innovation, which in turn enhances innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from 163 SMEs representatives in China. PLS-SEM analysis was conducted to verify the proposed hypotheses. Findings: The current study demonstrated that technological competence significantly influences collaborative innovation, which subsequently drives innovation performance. Furthermore, collaborative innovation is identified as a vital mediating mechanism that amplifies the impact of technological competence on innovation outcomes. Research limitations/implications: The findings underscore the importance of fostering technological capabilities and collaborative networks to navigate the challenges of a volatile market environment, providing actionable insights for SMEs aiming to enhance their innovation capabilities through strategic partnerships. Originality/value: This research contributes to the understanding of how internal resources can be leveraged through external collaborations to achieve superior innovation performance in the manufacturing sector.

The Effectiveness of Capabilities and Malaysian SMEs’ Performance: Mediated by Innovation

Khaw Jia-Qi — 2026-03-07

Purpose: The Malaysian government has set ambitious targets for economic expansion. SMEs, being the backbone of the economy, are essential contributors to the country’s overall growth, making substantial contributions to the GDP. SMEs are vital in generating employment opportunities, promoting innovation, and contributing to national revenue. However, there are numerous challenges hinder SMEs from increasing export activities in the global market. This study aims to identify the capabilities that can enhance Malaysian small and medium enterprises’ export performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs contingency theory together with resource-based and market-based perspectives to provide a multidimensional understanding of the issue. By combining these approaches, the research highlights how organizational performance is not only shaped by internal resources and capabilities but also influenced by external market conditions and contextual factors. Findings: The study contributes valuable insights that enable organizations to evaluate their current practices, adopt innovative approaches, and refine their strategic decision-making processes, which in turn enhances efficiency and leads to stronger export outcomes. Research limitations/implications: This research seeks to fill the existing gap in the literature by examining how the capabilities of Malaysian SMEs influence their export performance, while also investigating the role of innovation as a mediating factor that links organizational strengths with international success. Practical implications: The study provides valuable implications for SMEs by showing how systematic improvements in decision-making during export activities can translate into better performance in international markets. It further establishes that capability enhancement serves as a fundamental factor influencing the overall export competitiveness of SMEs. Originality/value: To bridge the existing research gap concerning the export performance of SMEs, this study seeks to establish a holistic conceptual framework. The proposed model positions technological and managerial capabilities and innovation as mediating elements that shape SMEs’ ability to perform effectively in international markets, while simultaneously fostering long-term growth and strengthening competitiveness.

Service Experience to Sustained Use: What Drives Re-Use Intention in the Courier, Express and Parcel Industry in Malaysia

Normalini Md Kassim — 2026-03-24

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the strategic importance of courier, express, and parcel (CEP) services in Malaysia, particularly in a B2C-dominated logistics environment. This study aims to explore how multidimensional service attributes shape customer satisfaction and re-use intention among CEP end users in Malaysia. Extending the SERVQUAL framework, the study incorporates convenience, price, green logistics, service flexibility, and complaint management into an integrated research model. Data were collected from 482 end users and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that reliability, assurance, convenience, price, and green logistics have significant positive effects on customer satisfaction, whereas responsiveness, empathy, tangibility, service flexibility, and complaint management do not. Customer satisfaction exerts a strong positive effect on re-use intention. These findings suggest that in an increasingly digitalised and competitive CEP market, users’ continued usage decisions are driven primarily by service stability, perceived value, and environmentally responsible practices. This study contributes to the literature by contextualising and extending SERVQUAL in the Malaysian CEP sector and offers practical implications for service providers seeking to improve customer retention and long-term competitiveness.

The Current Situation and Challenges of Talent Management in the Healthcare Industry: A Literature Review

Han Lihua — 2026-01-05

Talent management has become a vital and strategic issue for healthcare organizations globally due to the global shortage of trained and competent workers, as well as the fast rising demands from aging populations and complex patient needs. The dynamic nature of healthcare services, which necessitate highly specialized, flexible, and multidisciplinary teams to operate effectively, exacerbates this problem even further. This literature review compiles and evaluates a broad range of previous academic research and empirical findings in an attempt to fully explore the current environment and the complex issues surrounding talent management in the healthcare sector.Many healthcare companies still struggle with human resources, even after using a variety of theories, models, and strategic initiatives in various circumstances. The review highlights the need for integrated and flexible talent management solutions, points out persistent gaps in policy and practice, and ends with well-informed suggestions for future research avenues and tactical advancements in the area.

Factors Influencing Users Adoption of M-Health Apps: A Literature Review

Alswar Ali — 2026-02-07

This literature review examines factors influencing users’ adoption of M?Health apps, integrating psychological, technological, and behavioral perspectives with a focus on implications for the KSA. Drawing on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM), Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), and related frameworks, the review synthesizes evidence on key antecedents perceived value, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, health/e?health literacy, optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, insecurity, and health consciousness and their effects on behavioral intention and actual usage. It highlights implementation barriers such as usability, interoperability, privacy/security concerns, and uneven digital literacy that impede sustained engagement despite high smartphone penetration and national digital health initiatives. The review identifies significant research gaps: limited integration of dispositional and perceptual constructs, insufficient mediation and moderation analyses (notably the mediating role of behavioral intention and moderating effects of age), and sparse context?specific empirical work in Middle Eastern public health systems. Recommendations include adopting integrated TRAM?based models, employing longitudinal and mixed?methods designs, testing mediating/moderating mechanisms, and conducting intervention trials (usability redesigns, literacy programs, privacy transparency) to translate infrastructure investments into equitable, long?term M?Health adoption.

Supply Chain Digitalization and its Impact on Green Innovation in Enterprises

Xu Jie — 2026-03-14

With the rapid expansion of the digital economy, the application of digital technologies has become an essential strategic choice for enterprise development. Against the backdrop of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, green innovation has emerged as a crucial pillar supporting corporate sustainability. Drawing on a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2012 to 2022, this study investigates the impact of supply chain digitalization (SCD) on corporate green innovation, distinguishing between substantive and strategic forms of innovation. Building on this framework, the study further examines the mediating mechanisms underlying these effects—with a focus on carbon information disclosure (CID) as a novel mediating pathway. The findings reveal that supply chain digitalization significantly fosters corporate green innovation, with a more pronounced effect on substantive innovation compared to strategic innovation. Moreover, heterogeneity arises depending on ownership structure and firm size, with stronger effects observed in state-owned and large enterprises. Additional analysis indicates that supply chain digitalization enhances substantive green innovation through strengthened carbon disclosure practices, thereby promoting overall corporate green innovation. All regression models include firm, industry, and year fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity, and robustness tests confirm the stability of findings. Purpose: This study aims to empirically examine how supply chain digitalization (SCD) influences corporate green innovation, with a particular focus on distinguishing between substantive and strategic forms of innovation. Furthermore, it explores the mediating role of carbon information disclosure (CID) in this relationship—a mechanism underexplored in prior literature—thereby providing a deeper understanding of how digitalization drives green innovation in enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: Using panel data from Chinese A-share listed firms between 2012 and 2022, the study employs a quasi-natural experimental design based on the designation of pilot enterprises for supply chain innovation (China’s "Supply Chain Innovation and Application Pilot Program," launched in 2018). A difference-in-differences (DID) approach combined with regression models (incorporating firm, industry, and year fixed effects) is applied to estimate the impact of SCD on various dimensions of green innovation. Carbon information disclosure is incorporated as a mediating variable, and heterogeneity analyses are conducted with respect to ownership structure and firm size to assess moderating effects. To mitigate endogeneity, the study leverages the exogenous policy shock of the pilot program, includes comprehensive firm-level controls, and conducts robustness tests. Findings: The results reveal that supply chain digitalization significantly enhances corporate green innovation, with a more pronounced effect on substantive green innovation compared to strategic green innovation. Carbon information disclosure plays a mediating role in this relationship: SCD increases firms’ likelihood of disclosing carbon information, which in turn promotes substantive green innovation but not strategic innovation. The positive effects of SCD are stronger for state-owned enterprises and large enterprises, reflecting their superior resource endowments and strategic orientation toward green development. Robustness tests further confirm the stability of these findings. Research limitations/implications:The study focuses exclusively on Chinese A-share listed firms, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other contexts. Additionally, the measurement of digitalization and innovation relies on secondary data, which may not fully capture qualitative aspects of internal practices. Future research could employ cross-country comparisons, survey data, or advanced methods such as text mining to explore additional mediating mechanisms (e.g., green absorptive capacity or digital collaboration) and dynamic effects over time. Practical implications: The findings provide actionable insights for managers and policymakers. Firms should actively embed digital technologies into supply chain operations to enhance transparency, reduce information asymmetry, and alleviate financing constraints, thereby stimulating green innovation. Policymakers should expand digital supply chain pilot programs and encourage voluntary carbon disclosure to improve environmental governance. Large and state-owned enterprises should leverage their advantages to lead the construction of green supply chain ecosystems and foster industry-wide sustainable development. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by integrating supply chain digitalization into the corporate green innovation framework, distinguishing between substantive and strategic innovation, and identifying carbon information disclosure as a novel mediating mechanism. It enriches the understanding of how digital transformation drives sustainability-oriented innovation and provides evidence-based insights into the heterogeneity of these effects across different types of firms.

The Effect of Child Health on Poverty in Indonesia

Shahnaz Natasya Arina — 2026-03-13

Despite economic growth, Indonesia continues to face high rates of child malnutrition, particularly stunting and wasting. This study examines how poverty influences child health outcomes using provincial panel data from 33 provinces (2012–2022). The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to address endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Results show that child stunting as well as child wasting has a positive and significant effect on poverty, indicating that poorer households face greater nutritional challenges. In contrast, access to clean water and household electricity significantly reduces poverty, highlighting the importance of basic utilities in combating poverty. Health expenditure and environmental factors also play notable roles. These findings emphasize the need for integrated policy approaches that link child wellbeing, infrastructure access, and nutrition-sensitive interventions to achieve poverty reduction and advance Indonesia’s vision for sustainable development. This study has a limitation to not include some new provinces in Indonesia due to unavailability of data as well as sample with short data period. The findings will have an implication of the importance of government to focus on socioeconomics factors such as infrastructures, nutrition intake to achieve better child wellbeing which later will reduce the poverty rate.

A Conceptual Framework for Budgetary Participation and Innovation Performance: Mediating Mechanisms from a Social Cognitive Perspective

Praja Hadi Saputra — 2026-01-20

Innovation performance has emerged as a key driver of organizational competitiveness in a dynamic and uncertain environment. Although previous research has extensively examined budget participation as a control mechanism, attention to the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms underlying its effects on innovation performance remains relatively limited. Based on Social Cognitive Theory, this study develops a conceptual framework that explains how budgetary participation affects innovation performance through a series of mediation mechanisms rooted in individual cognition and behavior. The framework integrates key personal antecedents, such as self-efficacy and locus of control, with environmental antecedents, including task uncertainty and information technology for enhanced communication, to explain their impact on participatory budgeting practices and subsequent innovation outcomes. By emphasizing the reciprocal interactions among personal factors, environmental conditions, and behavioral processes, this article enriches the literature by repositioning budgetary participation as a socially embedded and cognitively driven process rather than merely a procedural practice. The proposed conceptual framework makes a theoretical contribution to management accounting research and innovation and serves as a foundation for future empirical research examining budgeting systems that drive innovation.

AI-Driven Optimization of Debt Collection Efficiency in Accounts Receivable: An Action Research Case Study of DK Company

Xu Xiaoli — 2026-03-03

This study takes DK Company, a Chinese SME manufacturer, as a case and adopts the action research method to explore the practical application of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing the debt collection process in accounts receivable management. DK Company has long struggled with delayed customer payments and a days-sales-outstanding (DSO) ratio well above the industry median. In collaboration with the research team, DK developed and deployed an AI-driven collection system that segments debtors by default risk, predicts payment behavior, and generates personalized, channel-specific dunning strategies. Through continuous interaction between researchers and the company’s finance team and multiple rounds of iterations, this system has significantly enhanced the collection efficiency and effectively improved the cash flow situation. The empirical results demonstrate substantial improvements across key operational indicators: DSO decreased by 25.7%, bad debt ratio declined by 41%, and an additional RMB 1.5 million in cash flow was recovered within six months. Beyond quantitative gains, the intervention fostered user acceptance and organizational learning, with cross-departmental collaboration and data-driven decision-making capabilities notably enhanced. This study theoretically expands the application boundaries of artificial intelligence in the field of financial management and provides an operational reference for the accounts receivable management in similar manufacturing settings at the practical level. The main limitation of the research lies in its reliance on a single case. In the future, the universality of the conclusion can be further verified through multi-case comparisons or cross-industry verifications. This study was motivated by the persistent cash flow constraints experienced by small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China. In many cases, reliance on manual debt collection procedures led to operational inefficiencies and intensified financial pressure. The primary contribution of this research lay in the development and empirical examination of a practical AI-driven framework. The findings demonstrated that the proposed framework improved key operational performance indicators while facilitating organizational adaptation, thereby providing a replicable reference model for enterprises operating in comparable contexts.

Early-Stage Business Model Development in a Social Enterprise: The Case of “Light Of Hope Philippines”

Birger Aurlien Flak — 2026-03-14

A social enterprise succeeds when its business model enables both social impact and financial viability. Responding to recent calls for more research on social enterprise business models, this study examines how the founder of the social enterprise Light of Hope Philippines (LOHP) developed a suitable business model for his enterprise. LOHP provides solar-powered devices and services to off-grid island communities in the Philippines, improving lives in an environmentally sustainable way. The study is based on a semi-structured in-depth interview with LOHP’s founder. Although not statistically generalizable, the findings suggest that: (1) Business model development in early-stage social enterprises begins before an enterprise is founded and typically continues for a few years after the founding. (2) This process is shaped by factors such as founder motivation, beneficiary needs, market conditions, support systems, and external influences. (3) To succeed, founders must continuously adapt and refine their business models. A practical implication is that social enterprise founders should work to improve their business models both before and after launching their ventures. This study provides a description of multiple factors impacting the early-stage business model development process in a recently-established social enterprise in the Philippines.

Macroeconomic Regimes, Liquidity, and Volatility in Barra-Style Factor Returns: Evidence from China’s A-Share Market

Weiwei . — 2026-03-15

The dynamics of China's A-share market are shaped by both macroeconomic fluctuations and the unique characteristics of its institutional environment. This study investigates how short-term business cycles impact the returns of Barra Style Factors (BSF) through key macro-financial channels, including global capital market liquidity, volatility, and multi-market linkages. Using daily data from 2019 to 2024, we employ a time-varying vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model and rolling window Granger causality tests to capture the evolving relationships between macroeconomic variables and market factors. The results demonstrate that economic growth and inflation primarily affect factor returns indirectly, via liquidity dynamics and volatility-driven revaluation, while capital flows exhibit asymmetric mediating effects due to China's partially open capital account. Specifically, liquidity expansion during growth phases strengthens momentum and size factors, while liquidity contraction during inflationary periods suppresses leverage and value factors. Volatility transmits macroeconomic uncertainty, increasing the risk premium on residual volatility, and cross-border flows further amplify the cyclical fluctuations of large-cap stock portfolios. These findings underscore the periodicity of factors rooted in the financial microstructure of China’s market, revealing unique macro-financial linkages in comparison to mature economies. The study provides theoretical insights into the transmission of macroeconomic shocks and practical guidance for cyclical style allocation in China's policy-driven market.

Quality Control Issues and Improvement Opportunities for Automobile Manufacturing Company in Indonesia

Tan Owee Kowang — 2026-01-02

An effective quality control system is crucial for maintaining customer satisfaction and business success. However, quality control is broad and complex in nature, and there is no single system that fits all manufacturing settings. Hence, it is crucial for manufacturers to explore a quality control system that best suits their specific manufacturing environment. As such, this study aims to identify key quality control steps (RO1), explore quality control problems (RO2), and discover quality improvement opportunities (RO3) for an automobile manufacturing company in Indonesia. The research is qualitative in nature and involved semi-structured interviews with nine quality staff members from the company. Feedback from the interviewees was analysed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance to address RO1, and content analysis was used for RO2 and RO3. The results of the Kendall analysis revealed that establishing quality benchmarks is the most important step in quality control. The content analysis suggested that inconsistencies in quality control practices and procedure are the main quality problem faced by the company. Additionally, the interviewees suggested that quality improvement efforts should focus on the application of digital technology. This study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of quality control in the automotive industry, underscoring the importance of continuous improvement and technological integration in maintaining a competitive edge and ensuring customer satisfaction.

Defensive Internationalization under Global Value Chain Restructuring: Evidence from a Chinese Battery Materials Supplier

Zhaofeng Li — 2026-02-04

Global value chains are restructuring, and geopolitical risks are rising. For manufacturing firms in emerging economies, going overseas has shifted from a strategic option to an urgent necessity. This is particularly visible in China’s new energy sector, where upstream battery material suppliers face a "perfect storm": fierce domestic price wars, thinning margins, and a heavy reliance on a few powerful clients who are expanding globally. Consequently, for these suppliers, going global is less about chasing opportunity and more about responding to structural pressure. Using a qualitative case study of a Chinese battery material manufacturer expanding into Europe, we examine how senior managers interpret and justify these high-stakes decisions. Through in-depth interviews, we explore the logic of internationalization where the supplier has limited bargaining power. We find that their Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) was not driven by the traditional search for efficiency or market control. Instead, managers describe a path of "defensive internationalization." To maintain their position in the supply chain, the firm had to follow clients to specific locations, accept compliance-oriented joint ventures, and prioritize supply chain security over ownership advantages. By revisiting the OLI paradigm through this specific context, this study illustrates how asymmetric buyer–supplier relationships reshape international strategy. It offers a grounded explanation of why firms expand even when they lack traditional advantages, providing practical insights for managers and policymakers navigating these complex survival decisions.

Linking Digital Leadership and Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Digital Transformation

Yixin Bo — 2026-03-10

Purpose: This conceptual study aims to explore the mechanisms through which digital leadership influences firm performance, emphasizing the mediating role of digital transformation. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic synthesis of recent literature on digital leadership, digital transformation, and firm performance was conducted. Drawing upon dynamic capabilities theory, transformational leadership theory, and socio-technical systems theory. Findings: The proposed framework suggests that digital leadership positively influences digital transformation by fostering innovation culture, organizational agility, and strategic alignment. Digital transformation, in turn, positively affects firm performance through enhanced operational efficiency, customer engagement, and innovation capacity. Research limitations/implications: As a conceptual inquiry, this study does not include empirical testing. Future research should validate the proposed framework using quantitative methods. Practical implications: Organizations should invest in developing digital leadership competencies, align transformation strategies with business goals, and cultivate a culture that promotes innovation and employee engagement. Originality/value: This study advances the understanding of how digital leadership drives firm performance by establishing digital transformation as a mediating mechanism.

Comparative Modeling of Closed-loop and Circular Economy Supply Chains with Extended Warranties

Ying Dan — 2026-03-09

Purpose: This paper investigates the interaction between a manufacturer’s extended warranty design and the choice of closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) and circular economy supply chain (CESC) structures for the collection of used products. Design/methodology/approach: We consider two CLSC formats and one CESC format, modeling the resulting three combinational scenarios as decentralized decision-making systems with the manufacturer as the Stackelberg leader. Findings: Our results show that, when the manufacturer provides extended warranty services, assigning product recycling responsibility to the retailer leads to the highest profits for the manufacturer, the retailer, and the entire supply chain. Research limitations/implications: The study focuses on specific CLSC and CESC structures; future research could extend the model to other supply chain configurations and market conditions. Practical implications: The findings provide guidance for manufacturers and retailers on designing extended warranty services and choosing supply chain structures to maximize overall profit. Originality/value: This study highlights the combined effect of extended warranties and supply chain structure choice on performance, offering new insights for both closed-loop and circular economy supply chain management.

Inclusive Growth in MENA: The Transformative Roles of Financial Inclusion, Female Labour Force Participation, and Governance

Jaizah Othman — 2026-03-26

This study examines the factors determining economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with a focus on financial inclusion, female labour force participation, and institutions and governance. Using an unbalanced panel dataset with 189 observations, the analysis uses pooled and fixed-effects regressions to control for cross-sectional heterogeneity. The results indicate that while the density of ATMs is negatively correlated with GDP growth, the presence of bank branches is positively correlated but not statistically significant. Female labour force participation has an important impact on increasing GDP growth, highlighting the economic benefits of gender inclusion. Among the governance indicators, control of corruption has a near-significant positive impact, stressing the importance of anti-corruption efforts. Other governance factors have no significant impact on growth, suggesting that their impact may be contingent on other variables. This study makes several policy recommendations to improve financial inclusion, gender parity in the labour market, and efforts to combat corruption to achieve sustainable economic development in the MENA region.

Effects of Event Quality, Destination Image, Perceived Value, Attendees’ Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty on the Tawau International Cultural Festival

Alfian Thomas — 2026-01-16

This study examined the interplay between event quality and destination loyalty and investigated the mediating influence of participant satisfaction, perceived value and destination image in the context of special events. Confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings, average variance extracted, construct validity and correlation analysis were used to validate the measurement scale, and the reliability of the scale was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood estimation was used to examine the structural relationships between the variables in the proposed model, based on onsite questionnaire responses from 215 participants. The results indicate that attendee satisfaction, perceived value, event quality and destination image significantly influence loyalty to the destination. In addition, the study found that destination image and perceived value mediated the relationship between event quality and attendees’ satisfaction with destination loyalty, emphasising the importance of event planners prioritising attendee satisfaction in their marketing strategies to improve quality and loyalty. The outcomes of this study imply that future researchers should apply this model in various event settings.

Job Satisfaction among Chinese Women: A Comprehensive Review

Zhenzhen Ding — 2026-02-15

This review synthesises recent research on job satisfaction among Chinese women, with a particular focus on the social, cultural, and organisational factors that influence their workplace experiences. Drawing on literature from the past decade, this paper identifies key determinants of job satisfaction, such as work-life balance, organisational support, gender discrimination, career development opportunities, and value alignment. Special attention is given to how traditional gender roles and evolving social expectations interact to shape women’s perceptions of career fulfilment. The review also highlights differences in satisfaction levels across industries, job positions, and generational cohorts. By integrating findings from empirical studies and policy reports, this paper provides a holistic understanding of the challenges and enablers affecting Chinese women’s job satisfaction. The review concludes with suggestions for future research and practical implications for employers aiming to foster more inclusive and supportive work environments.

AI-Centric Fintech Platform for MSMEs: Optimizing Supply Chain Operation and Credit Access in Bangladeshi Emerging Economy

Nargish Fatema — 2026-03-10

Purpose: MSMEs play an important role in emerging economies by contributing a significant part of the GDP and offering jobs to the mass population. Despite their economic significance, they struggle with structural challenges, including inefficient logistics, limited storage, and limited access to finance. The purpose of this study is to introduce a feasible approach to address these challenges by adopting a data-driven, AI-based digital platform. Design/methodology/approach: We propose to bring the MSMEs, manufacturers/suppliers, and financial institutions into a platform where all the purchase transactions are verified by the supplier. Based on reliable transaction information, the platform can evaluate credit scores using AI, and financial institutions can finance the retailers. Through this ecosystem, the financing issue can be resolved, and the supplier can provide frequent delivery support to resolve the product collection and limited storage capacity problem for retailers. It also helps the financier in collecting the debt payments. As a result, the ecosystem allows retailers to increase their regular sales. It’s a three-way win-win model. Findings: The AI model is able to generate credit scores for retailers. With the help of this score, trusted business profiles can be created for retailers. This will eventually assist in clustering all the retailers by various categories. It can finally assist trustworthy MSME businesses to get access to digital finance. The performance of these businesses can be monitored continuously by calculating credit scores per month. Regular financial monitoring can assist in practicing an immediate recovery scheme for any unexpected situation. Research limitations/implications: The model was built using limited parameters. However, more raw data parameters, like repayment frequency, on-time payment, etc., should be collected to obtain optimal results. The number of retail stores should also be increased. The process of collaboration with the financier also needs to be finalized. Practical implications: The pilot implementation of this project is being conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Originality/value: The novelty of this research is to propose a data-driven, AI-based solution for addressing the challenges that MSMEs face in their businesses in a developing country, like Bangladesh.

Examining the Impact of Ethical Corporate Social Responsibility and Training–Development on Employer Brand Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

Maghfirah . — 2026-03-13

This study aims to examine the influence of Social Responsibility Ethics and Training-Development on Employer Brand Loyalty through Organizational Commitment at PT Bank Aceh Syariah Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method through the help of AMOS software. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was distributed to 103 respondents who met the research criteria. The results of the structural relationship test show that Social Responsibility Ethics have a positive effect on Employer Brand Loyalty and Organizational Commitment. In addition, Training and Development has also been proven to have a positive effect on Employer Brand Loyalty and has the strongest influence on Organizational Commitment. These findings indicate that the application of good organizational ethics and the continuous development of employee competencies play an important role in increasing employee loyalty and commitment to the organization. This research is expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of human resource management studies and become a practical consideration for organizations in designing employee management strategies that are oriented towards loyalty and long-term commitment.

From Digital Resources to Sales Capabilities: A Resource-Based Perspective on Social Media Inertia in B2B Manufacturing Enterprises

Zhaofeng Li — 2026-01-28

Despite the continued expansion of the global electric vehicle market, China’s lithium battery anode material industry faces a persistent paradox: revenues are rising, yet profitability remains constrained as traditional competitive advantages weaken. In this context, many established B2B manufacturers have adopted digital tools but struggle to translate them into effective sales capabilities. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV), this study employs a diagnostic single-case approach to examine JHY, a representative B2B manufacturing firm, to explain why digital resources remain underutilized. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 internal stakeholders, ranging from senior executives to frontline sales staff, and were triangulated with external feedback from a client-side procurement director. The analysis indicates that the core challenge lies not in access to digital tools, but in how these tools are interpreted and enacted in everyday sales practice. The findings reveal a condition of “false digital prosperity,” in which social media accounts are formally activated but used cautiously and superficially. Three interrelated structural frictions account for this outcome: cognitive misalignment between industrial norms and the social logic of digital platforms, content deficits arising from organizational silos that limit customer-oriented communication, and an institutional void caused by misaligned incentives and evaluation systems. External validation confirms that fragmented digital engagement is often perceived by customers as intrusive rather than value-adding. Overall, the study highlights that digital transformation in traditional B2B manufacturing depends less on tool adoption and more on resolving organizational frictions that inhibit capability development.

The Role of Strategic Foresight and Scenario Planning in Enhancing Futures Thinking among SMEs: A Dynamic Capability Perspective

Hasliza Abdul Halim — 2026-03-12

Purpose: This study aims to examine how strategic foresight and scenario planning enhance futures thinking among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Drawing upon the Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), the research conceptualizes strategic foresight as a sensing capability, scenario planning as a seizing and transforming mechanism, and futures thinking as a higher-order strategic competency. The study seeks to explain how these interrelated capabilities help SMEs strengthen adaptability, resilience, and long-term preparedness in uncertain environments. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative, cross-sectional design is adopted, supported by a preliminary qualitative study with SME leaders. Data will be collected through a structured questionnaire from decision-makers in manufacturing and services SMEs. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) will test the hypothesized relationships. Findings: The study is expected to show that strategic foresight and scenario planning both positively influence futures thinking, while their interaction further strengthens this effect. SMEs that apply structured foresight and scenario planning are anticipated to demonstrate higher adaptability, preparedness, and resilience in uncertain environments. Research limitations/implications: The focus on Malaysian SMEs and the cross-sectional design may limit generalizability and causal inference. Future studies should adopt longitudinal approaches or extend the model across regions and industries. Practical implications: Findings will guide SME leaders and policymakers in embedding foresight and scenario planning into strategic processes to enhance competitiveness and readiness for future challenges. Originality/value: This study offers an integrated DCT-based framework linking foresight, scenario planning, and futures thinking, providing new insights into cognitive and strategic capabilities in SMEs.

Revisiting the Job Demands-Resources Model: A Systematic and Critical Review of Innovative Job Performance in Digital-Intelligent Contexts

Junfeng Cheng — 2026-03-12

Purpose: This study critically examines how the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model explains innovative job performance (IJP) within the context of digital intelligent transformation. It aims to identify the generative mechanisms through which job demands and resources influence IJP and to clarify the mediating and moderating roles of job crafting and person-job fit (PJ fit). Design/methodology/approach: Drawing upon a systematic and critical review of 162 SSCI-indexed studies published between 2020 and 2025, this research synthesises findings using the dual-pathway logic of the JD-R model. Thematic coding and evaluative comparison were employed to ensure analytical coherence. Findings: (1) job demands exhibit a double-edged sword effect, constraining or stimulating innovation depending on employees' cognitive appraisals. (2) job resources, particularly digital literacy, digital leadership, and PJ fit, serve as primary drivers of IJP through motivational enhancement. (3) promotion and prevention-focused job crafting function as critical mediating pathways linking antecedents and outcomes. Research limitations/implications: The review is limited by language and time-frame constraints, suggesting future research employ meta-analytic and longitudinal methods to examine causal mechanisms across diverse contexts. Practical implications: The findings guide organisations in enhancing innovation by developing digital competencies, fostering empowering leadership, and optimising PJ fit. Originality/value: This study extends the JD-R model to innovation research, elucidating its dual-pathway mechanisms and boundary conditions within technology-intensive environments.

Human Resource Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction In Nigeria

Lawrence Ehikioya Imoughele — 2026-03-26

Amid growing concerns about how developing economies can strengthen human resource capacity to drive long-term development, this study examined the effect of human resource development on economic growth and poverty reduction in Nigeria using annual data spanning 1996 to 2024. Human resource development was measured through government expenditure on education (LEXPE), government expenditure on health (LEXPH), secondary school enrolment (LESI), and tertiary school enrolment (LETI) on economic growth (LGRGDP) and poverty reduction measured at the international poverty line (LPOVL). The study adopted the Phillips and Perron (PP) unit root test to determine the order of integration of the variables, and employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework and the bounds testing procedure to establish both long-run and short-run relationships for the growth and poverty models. The long-run results showed that LEXPE, LESI and LETI exerted significant positive effects on LGRGDP, confirming the productivity-enhancing role of education, while LEXPH had a significant negative long-run effect on growth, indicating inefficiencies in the health sector. For the poverty model, LETI was the only variable with a significant long-run effect on reducing LPOVL, although both LESI and LETI produced strong short-run reductions in poverty. The short-run estimates for the growth model indicated that changes in LESI and LETI continued to stimulate LGRGDP, while LEXPE and LEXPH showed no immediate influence. The error correction terms for both models were negative and highly significant, confirming rapid convergence to long-run equilibrium. Granger causality tests revealed bidirectional causality between LEXPE and LGRGDP, and strong bidirectional causality between LPOVL and both LESI and LETI, suggesting that educational participation not only influences poverty outcomes but is also shaped by welfare conditions. Overall, the findings demonstrate that human resource development, particularly through secondary and tertiary education, plays a central role in shaping Nigeria’s economic trajectory and poverty outcomes. Thus, the study recommends that policymakers prioritise sustained increases in LEXPE, improve the efficiency of LEXPH, expand access to LESI and LETI, and develop coordinated strategies that link human resource development to Nigeria’s long-term growth and poverty reduction objectives.

Identifying Key Sectors in the Economies of Sabah, Sarawak, and Peninsular Malaysia: An Input–Output Analysis

Pang Chun Sian — 2026-01-11

This paper investigates the key economic sectors of Sabah, Sarawak, and Peninsular Malaysia using the input–output (I–O) framework based on the 2015 interregional input–output (IRIO) table. Linkage analysis is employed to assess both backward and forward linkages (weighted and unweighted approach) to identify sectors with the highest capacity to stimulate production across the economy. The findings indicate significant structural differences across regions. Sabah remains resource-driven with agriculture, forestry, and food processing as its dominant sectors; Sarawak is heavily reliant on resource-based industries, particularly oil, gas, and energy-intensive manufacturing. Meanwhile, Peninsular Malaysia demonstrates a more diversified economic structure, led by wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing, finance, and services. These results highlight the importance of region-specific policies to strengthen intersectoral linkages and achieve a more balanced national development.

The Dynamics of Exchange Rate Pass-through to Consumer Prices in Tanzania: Pre- and Post-Liberalisation Analysis

Najat Nassor Suleiman — 2026-02-11

This study examines the relationship between exchange rate pass-through and inflation in Tanzania from 1988 to 2023, highlighting the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on consumer prices within an open economy. The Vector Error Correction Model indicates a significant long-term relationship between exchange rates and inflation. Granger causality tests demonstrate a bidirectional causal relationship between exchange rates and inflation, alongside a unidirectional influence from exchange rates to money supply, highlighting the significant impact of exchange rate dynamics on inflationary trends. Impulse response functions show that while the immediate effect of exchange rate shocks on inflation is modest, it intensifies over time and stabilises thereafter. Variance decomposition further identifies money supply as a key driver of inflation, particularly in the long run. Prior to liberalisation, ERPT was weak and statistically insignificant; post-liberalisation, however, it became negative and persistent, suggesting that stronger monetary policy frameworks and enhanced central bank independence have moderated inflationary pressures. The findings highlight the significance of exchange rate stability in maintaining price control and affirm the effectiveness of liberalisation in strengthening Tanzania’s monetary transmission mechanism.

How Innovation Entry Modes Drive International Business Performance in the Digital Age: The Mediating Role of Organisational Agility and the Moderating Role of Digital Capabilities

Li Rongchun — 2026-03-14

Purpose: This study aims to dissect the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions through which the Innovation Entry Mode (IEM) influences the International Business Performance (IBP) of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, a moderated mediation model is constructed to examine the mediating role of Organisational Agility (OA) and the moderating role of Digital Capability (DC). Methodology: Hypotheses were tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) based on questionnaire data collected from 130 internationalising SMEs across multiple regions in China. Findings: Innovation entry modes exert a direct positive influence on international business performance, whilst also indirectly impacting it by enhancing organisational agility. Furthermore, digital capabilities not only directly bolster international business performance but also positively mediate the relationship between innovation entry modes and organisational agility, as well as between organisational agility and international business performance. Research limitations: The data in this study are based solely on cross-sectional information; future longitudinal research may be employed to validate causal relationships. Furthermore, exploration of additional potential mediating variables and moderating variables could provide a more comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon. Value: By revealing the intrinsic mechanisms and boundary conditions through which innovation entry modes enhance international performance, this study offers a novel perspective for the internationalisation of SMEs. Enterprises should systematically position innovation entry modes, organisational agility, and digital capabilities as a synergistic “strategic triangle”, thereby effectively elevating their international competitiveness in the digital era.

A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Innovation

Zhang Naiheng — 2026-03-13

Purpose: To examine the relationship between knowledge management (KM) and sustainable innovation by mapping the intellectual structure of the field. Methodology: A bibliometric and science-mapping study of 314 publications from the Web of Science (snapshot: October 2025), using VOSviewer co-occurrence, overlay, and density visualizations. Findings: Scholarly output has grown continuously since 2016, peaking during 2020–2025. A small set of highly cited authors leads the field. Core outlets include Sustainability, Journal of Cleaner Production, and Business Strategy and the Environment. Geographically, Asia—driven by China—leads productivity, followed by Europe. Keyword maps identify green innovation and knowledge management as central hubs, with emerging themes in AI, digital transformation, and dynamic capabilities. Overall, KMSI has matured into a multilevel domain linking managerial, environmental, and technological perspectives. Research limitations: 1.Reliance on a one-off WoS snapshot introduces coverage and recency biases that can distort publication trends, rankings, and keyword structures. 2.Co-occurrence and citation maps reflect associations rather than causation—and may be confounded by common shocks or omitted variable

The Future of Medical Tourism in Saudi Arabia: Current Status, Challenges, and Strategic Directions

Khalid Alruwaili — 2026-01-27

Medical tourism has become a vital global industry, with millions of patients traveling across borders annually to access high-quality healthcare services at competitive prices. As countries worldwide aim to capitalize on this expanding trend, Saudi Arabia is positioning itself as a key player in the sector, leveraging its advanced healthcare infrastructure, world-class medical facilities, and strategic vision under Vision 2030. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Saudi Arabia’s current medical tourism landscape, highlighting its strengths, including a modern healthcare infrastructure and government-backed initiatives. It also addresses the challenges the Kingdom faces, including gaps in market perception, cultural barriers, and the need for improved regulatory frameworks and service quality. The study outlines strategic directions to boost Saudi Arabia’s competitiveness in the medical tourism market. Key initiatives include targeted marketing and branding efforts to enhance the Kingdom’s global recognition, the integration of smart technologies to improve healthcare delivery, and alignment with Vision 2030 to foster sector growth. Additionally, the paper stresses the importance of improving patient experience and healthcare infrastructure to meet international standards. By addressing these challenges and capitalizing on emerging opportunities, Saudi Arabia can establish itself as a premier destination for medical tourism, providing specialized treatments, advanced technologies, and a patient-centered approach to care.

Leveraging AI-Generated Content: A Conceptual Framework for Green Perceived Price, Advertising Attitude and Purchase Intention

Ling Ling Tan — 2026-03-14

Purpose: Consumers are increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of their consumption habits, prompting companies to respond by offering green products or brands as a way to gain competitive advantage. In parallel, the rise of generative AI (Gen-AI) is transforming content marketing by enhancing efficiency, accelerating content production, and boosting creative output. This study proposes a conceptual framework to examine the effect of information usefulness, information attractiveness and information truthfulness of AI-generated content on green perceived price, advertising attitude, and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research design will be employed, using numerical data collected via an online survey questionnaire to test the hypotheses. Findings: After data collection, the findings of this study will be able to assist green brands in understanding consumer expectations and developing concrete content (useful, attractive and truthful) that supports green price, advertising attitude and purchase intention. Research limitations/implications: This study attempts to propose a conceptual model that investigates the impact of information usefulness, information attractiveness and information truthfulness of AI-generated content on green perceived price, green advertising attitude and purchase intention. Information variables (usefulness, attractiveness and truthfulness) are expected to have an influence on green perceived price, attitude towards green advertising and purchase intention. Originality/value: Despite growing enthusiasm for Gen-AI, uncertainty remains about its long-term impact on content creation. While previous research has explored how the concreteness of text influences individual perceptions—such as meaning, emotion, and linguistic style—its effect on consumer decision-making remains unclear. Some studies suggest that concrete information strengthens decision-making, while others find no significant advantage over abstract content. Moreover, most existing research has focused on user-generated content (UGC), whereas this study shifts attention to the concreteness of AI-generated content—an increasingly important element in brand messaging and purchase decisions. Notably, there is limited research on how information concreteness— which can be examined through information usefulness, information attractiveness, and information truthfulness—operates in the context of sustainable marketing.

Entrepreneurial Resilience, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Digital Transformation Capability: A Conceptual Framework for Innovation Performance in Chinese E Commerce Startups

Chen Yaping — 2026-03-10

Purpose: This study develops a dynamic-capability framework linking entrepreneurial resilience (ER), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and digital transformation capability (DTC) to innovation performance (IP) in Chinese e-commerce startups. It addresses the risk of viewing these capabilities in isolation by showing that resilience must be channelled through a proactive strategy and operationalized via digital transformation. Design/methodology/approach: Grounded in Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the model (ER ? EO ? DTC ? IP) is proposed for empirical testing through a longitudinal, time-lagged design—measuring ER and EO at Time 1, DTC at Time 2, and IP at Time 3—using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Research limitations/implications: Although conceptual at this stage, the proposed framework sets the foundation for longitudinal, multi-wave empirical validation. It highlights the need to consider venture stage, sub-sector type (B2C vs. B2B), and founder experience as control variables that shape capability development trajectories in digital ecosystems. Practical implications: Founders should balance resilience, strategic boldness, and digital execution; investors and policymakers should assess capability complementarities rather than isolated factors. Originality/value: This study contributes to entrepreneurship and digital transformation literature by offering a unified, dynamic-capability perspective that connects ER, EO, and DTC within the context of China’s digital platform economy. It highlights the strategic cost of neglecting their interdependence—resilient firms may survive but fail to innovate, and proactive startups may envision but fail to execute without digital capability alignment.

Factors Influencing Intention to Use Digital Platforms for Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) Payment in Jordan: Literature Review Paper

Hussein Nahar Alzoubi — 2026-03-23

Despite the growing prevalence of financial technology worldwide, the intention to use digital online payments for Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) in Jordan remains limited. This literature review integrates empirical results on the determinants of donors' intentions to adopt and use digital ZIS platforms, employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and its extensions. The main technological factors, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, are reviewed together with donation-specific constructs such as ZIS literacy, privacy and security perceptions, and trust. The literature review highlights inconsistencies in prior results, particularly regarding the performance expectancy, the roles of effort expectancy, and privacy & security, as well as the limited exploration of facilitating conditions as a moderating factor and ZIS literacy as an extended construct. By extending privacy & security, ZIS literacy, and trust to the UTAUT model, this research aims to provide a comprehensive framework for explaining digital ZIS adoption in Jordan.

Consumer Experience Dimensions and Optimization Paths of Tourism Promotional Graphics and Texts: A Perspective Based on the Critical Incident Technique

I-Ching Chen — 2026-01-06

The rapid development of social media has created new opportunities for tourism promotion. Tourism promotion predominantly composed of images and texts has become a key channel influencing consumer decision-making and fostering tourism development. This study focuses on tourism graphic and textual promotion, examining consumers’ experiential perceptions within tourism promotional graphics and texts. This study employs the Critical Incident Technique and gathers 115 valid samples through both online and offline surveys, systematically identifying satisfaction and dissatisfaction incidents in the consumer experience process. Based on a questionnaire survey, this study concludes that consumers currently express satisfaction with tourism promotional graphics and texts across five dimensions: evocation of emotional aspiration, practical and effective information, humanistic warmth and depth in promotion, creative forms that attract traffic, and the promotion of positive values. Conversely, dissatisfaction is noted in five dimensions: false advertising, excessive commercial contamination, ineffective information, experiential risks, and low content quality. Accordingly, this study presents relevant recommendations from four perspectives—image and text content creators of tourism promotion, tourism businesses, social media, and consumers—in hopes of facilitating the advancement of tourism promotional graphics and texts. This study enriches the research perspective of tourism promotional communication by focusing on consumer subjective experiences, which complements the existing literature that predominantly emphasizes promotional effects. Practically, the identification of satisfaction and dissatisfaction dimensions provides actionable guidance for content creators, tourism enterprises, and social media platforms to optimize promotional strategies, thereby bridging the gap between consumer expectations and actual experiences in tourism marketing.

Board Diversity as a Determinant of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Malaysian Banks

Mohd Waliuddin Mohd Razali — 2026-02-06

The impact of board diversity on corporate social responsibility (CSR) remains unclear, raising questions about how diverse leadership influences ethical and sustainable business practices. Under stakeholder theory, board diversity influences CSR by potentially enhancing responsiveness to the interests of a broader range of stakeholders. This study is purposely to examine the relationship between board diversity and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Malaysian bank. Final sample of 34 Malaysian banks were collected. All non-financial and financial data were collected from the annual report. Board diversity in this study consist age, gender, educational level, independence and size. Board educational level and board size show a positive relationship with CSR disclosure, but this significance is observed only in Non-Islamic Banks. In contrast, Islamic Banks show no significant relationship, suggesting that higher education and larger board size enhance CSR practices primarily in Non-Islamic contexts due to greater diversity, experience, and implementation capacity. This study helps investors and managers understand how board diversity positively influences CSR disclosure, especially in Non-Islamic banks, aiding better investment and management decisions. It also supports academics by offering insights into CSR practices in Malaysia and highlights how CSR can enhance company image, attract investors, and improve overall performance.

How Green Supplier Integration Drives Green Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms under the Knowledge-Based View

Bo Lixing — 2026-03-07

Drawing on survey data from 208 Chinese manufacturing firms, this study demonstrates that green supplier integration (GSI) significantly enhances firms’ knowledge absorptive capacity (KAC), which in turn promotes both green product and process innovation. KAC partially mediates the relationship between GSI and green innovation (GI), indicating that supplier collaboration fosters the acquisition, assimilation, and transformation of external environmental knowledge into innovative outcomes. These findings, grounded in the knowledge-based view, reveal the synergistic effects of GSI and KAC in driving sustainable innovation performance and provide new insights into how supply chain collaboration and knowledge integration strengthen firms’ green competitiveness. Purpose: This study investigates the impact of green supplier integration on green innovation in Chinese manufacturing firms, focusing on the mediating role of knowledge absorption capability. It aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which supplier collaboration promotes both green product and green process innovation. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), this study examines the direct effects of green supplier integration (GSI) on green innovation (encompassing green product innovation and green process innovation) as well as the indirect effects of GSI on green innovation through knowledge absorptive capacity (KAC) as a mediator. Adopting a quantitative research approach, we collected survey data from middle-to-senior managers of Chinese manufacturing enterprises with green supply chain practices between March and June 2024, ultimately obtaining 208 valid questionnaires. Structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 4.0 was employed to analyze the collected data and test the proposed relationships in the theoretical framework. Findings: GSI significantly enhances firms’ absorptive capacity, which partially mediates its positive effects on green product and process innovation. The results highlight that effective knowledge acquisition and transformation from suppliers are key drivers of sustainable innovation and competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited by its focus on supplier integration, potential contextual moderators (e.g., top management support, inter-organizational trust), and reliance on single-informant survey data. Future research could adopt multi-source or longitudinal designs and consider customer integration to provide a more comprehensive understanding of factors shaping KAC and GI. Practical implications: Managers should strengthen green supplier integration through green procurement, systematic supplier management, and active supplier collaboration, while developing internal mechanisms to absorb and apply external knowledge effectively. These practices can enhance green innovation performance and support sustainable supply chain development. Originality/value: Drawing on the knowledge-based view, this study offers three key original contributions. Methodologically, it uses advanced PLS-SEM standards (HTMT, bootstrapping, PLSpredict) to analyze 208 Chinese manufacturers’ data, addressing prior technical gaps. Theoretically, it unpacks the GSI-GI “black box” by identifying knowledge absorptive capacity as a mediator, extending KBV to sustainable supply chains. Contextually, it distinguishes green product/process innovation to explore GSI’s heterogeneous effects, reflecting Chinese manufacturers’ practical green transformation needs, enriching academia and guiding corporate sustainability under “dual carbon” goals.

Performance Impacts and Research Gaps in Sustainable Supply Chain Management Under a Triple Bottom Line Framework: A Systematic Review Based on Web of Science Literature

Ren Fangtao — 2026-03-14

This study clarifies the relationship between Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) and Triple Bottom Line (TBL) performance, addressing fragmented research. Using Web of Science, 71 papers (2011-2025) were selected via bibliometric and content analysis. Findings show SSCM positively impacts TBL, but practice effects vary; firm size moderates, and supply chain ambidexterity mediates. It guides enterprises to prioritize effective SSCM practices, while noting geographic/industry research limitations. Purpose: This study aims to systematically clarify the relationship between SSCM and TBL performance, address the fragmentation of existing SSCM research (which often focuses on single TBL dimensions), and provide theoretical guidance and practical directions for enterprises to improve TBL performance via effective SSCM. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Web of Science database. Articles published between 2011–2025 were retrieved with targeted keywords, then screened by subject, language, and type. 71 valid papers were selected, and bibliometric analysis and content analysis were combined, with tools like PLS-SEM to verify variable relationships. Findings: SSCM positively impacts TBL performance overall, but effects of different practices vary: environmental management and supply chain integration influence all TBL dimensions, while socially inclusive community practices do not. Firm size moderates the SSCM-TBL relationship, and supply chain ambidexterity, firm capabilities, and integration play mediating roles. Research limitations/implications: Samples are geographically concentrated and industry-biased. Key variables and long-term analysis are missing. Data relies on subjective questionnaires, and analysis lacks sufficient qualitative exploration of mechanisms. Practical implications: Enterprises should prioritize SSCM practices with multi-dimensional TBL impacts and tailor strategies to firm size. Supply chains need sustainability-focused supplier selection and differentiated integration. SSCM also drives industry sustainability, supports UN SDGs, and enhances public welfare. Originality/value: It integrates TBL’s three dimensions to analyse SSCM’s comprehensive impacts, filling gaps in prior fragmented research. It combines bibliometric and content analysis to clarify moderating/mediating factors, and emphasizes context-specific insights, enriching SSCM’s theoretical framework and practical guidance.

Information Technology Capabilities and Manufacturing Performance in SMEs: A Corporate Entrepreneurship Perspective

Hussain Abdul Jabbar Dawood Salman — 2026-01-21

With relevance to developing nations like the United Arab Emirates, this conceptual analysis looks at how information technology (IT) affects manufacturing performance in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). Because IT is frequently viewed as a binary adoption variable rather than as a collection of strategic capabilities, previous research reports inconsistent performance consequences despite widespread digital adoption. The goal of this research is to close this gap by identifying and synthesising important information technology components that help SMEs turn digital investment into long-term manufacturing success. To explain how IT infrastructure flexibility, IT integration, and IT alignment shape entrepreneurial behaviours that drive performance outcomes—business venturing, proactivity, and self-renewal—the paper conceptually analyses previous empirical and theoretical studies, drawing on the resource-based view and corporate entrepreneurship literature. According to the assessment, IT is more valuable when it is set up as an organisational capability and activated by entrepreneurial initiative as opposed to routine automation. The study adds a capability-and-conversion viewpoint to the field of SME digitisation studies. It lacks empirical testing because it is a conceptual study; quantitative and longitudinal methodologies should be used in future research to validate the framework.

Determinants and Productivity Analysis of Sugarcane Production in Bauko, Mountain Province

Jaccy Luzada Dumaliw — 2026-03-07

The study was conducted to assess the factors influencing sugarcane productivity in Bauko, Mountain Province. Data were collected from 70 sugarcane growers in selected barangays. Analysis using the Cobb-Douglas production function unveiled low sugarcane productivity in Bauko, averaging only 46%. This shortfall primarily stems from suboptimal farm management and input utilization. The Cobb-Douglas analysis identified key variables impacting productivity. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and training showed high significance at a 1% level, while farm size and household size were significant at a 5% level. The adjusted multiple determinations coefficient (R2) reached 0.78, signifying a well-fitted model that explains 78% of the variable's variation. Based on these findings, several recommendations are proposed to enhance sugarcane productivity in the region. These include improved ratoon management, cost-effective labor practices, FYM promotion, sugarcane variety enhancements, and the distribution of processing machinery for muscovado production. Additionally, seminars and training programs should address postharvest losses, sucrose content, pest and disease management, muscovado marketing, and organizational issues. Encouraging the formation and strengthening of sugarcane farmer associations will facilitate the adoption of new technologies. Furthermore, government and related entities should support intensification methods to assist small landholder farmers in overcoming their challenges. These measures collectively aim to boost sugarcane productivity in Bauko, Mountain Province.

A Conceptual Paper on Early-Stage Business Model Development in Social Enterprises

Birger Aurlien Flak — 2026-03-12

Social enterprises, which seek to achieve social impact through business activities, have increased in number in various parts of the world during the last few decades. However, creating business models that combine financial sustainability and social mission achievement is a challenge. Responding to recent calls for more research on social enterprise business models, this conceptual paper aims to shed some light in the area of business model development in early-stage social enterprises. Using theories of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship as its theoretical foundation, this paper suggests a conceptual framework for business model development in early-stage social enterprises which incorporates insights collected from relevant scholarly sources. The proposed conceptual framework describes early-stage business model development in social enterprises as a continuous process which starts before a social enterprise has been founded and continues for a period after the founding. This process is typically influenced by personal factors of the social entrepreneurs, by the needs of beneficiaries, by market conditions, by external factors, and by organizations that support social enterprises. The proposed conceptual framework could be used as the basis for an empirical study, following which a theory of business model development in early-stage social enterprises could be developed. Such a theory could potentially provide useful insights for social entrepreneurs who establish social enterprises.

Islamic Holidays and Asymmetric Volatility in the Malaysian Stock Market: Evidence from Conventional and Shariah-Compliant Indices

Ariqah Nabila Binti Adam — 2026-03-17

This study examines whether Islamic holidays generate asymmetric volatility and leverage effects in the Malaysian stock market, with particular attention to differences between conventional and Shariah-compliant equity indices. Using daily data from 2018 to 2023, the analysis covers the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI and three Shariah compliant indices, Hijrah Shariah, Emas Shariah, and Small Cap Shariah. A structured event-window approach is employed, distinguishing between two trading days before and two trading days after Islamic holidays to capture short-term anticipation and post-holiday adjustment effects. Preliminary Ordinary Least Squares results suggest that return effects around Islamic holidays are generally weak and short-lived. To assess risk dynamics more rigorously, the study applies asymmetric volatility models that allow negative and positive shocks to affect volatility differently. The findings provide strong evidence of volatility asymmetry and leverage effects around Islamic holidays, particularly in the immediate pre- and post-holiday windows. Negative shocks are shown to exert a disproportionately larger impact on conditional volatility than positive shocks of similar magnitude. Importantly, asymmetric volatility effects are more pronounced in Shariah-compliant indices, especially among smaller-capitalization stocks, indicating heightened downside-risk sensitivity in Islamic market segments. These results highlight the importance of accounting for volatility asymmetry when evaluating religious calendar effects and offer practical implications for short-horizon risk management, portfolio allocation, and trading strategies around Islamic holidays.