Challenges Faced by Women Micro-Entrepreneurs in and Responses Provided by Governmental/Non-Governmental Organizations in Asia

Abstract

Increasing empowerment of women in the socio-economic arena is reflected in the remarkable growth in the number of women business entrepreneurs and executives in Asia. Empirical studies identify the contribution of women micro-enterprises in economic growth and poverty eradication, and recognize their role as a strong gas pedal in innovation and job growth. However, female micro-entrepreneurs are facing challenges since Asian social norms and culture. Through a review of relevant literature, this study identifies the main challenges faced by them. Furthermore, this study examines initiatives adopted by Governments and NGOs to respond to this reality, including facilitating market entries, implementing policy changes to promote gender equality, providing mobility programs, running awareness campaigns, and providing financial support. This study aims to deepen the appreciation of women entrepreneurs, as well as provide invaluable insights by scrutinizing the literature and empirical evidence for policymakers, researchers and practitioners desiring to propose practical solutions to empower and support women micro-entrepreneurs in Asia.